|
The conventional format of producing acetylene in a lamp is by putting the calcium carbide in the lower chamber (the generator). The upper reservoir is then filled with water. A threaded valve or other mechanism is used to control the rate at which the water is allowed to drip onto the chamber containing the calcium carbide. By controlling the rate of water flow, the production of acetylene gas is controlled. This, in turn, controls the flow rate of the gas and the size of the flame at the burner, (and thus the amount of light it produces). This type of lamp generally has a reflector behind the flame to help project the light forward. An Acetylene Gas powered lamp produces a surprisingly bright, broad light. Many cavers prefer this type of unfocused light as it improves peripheral vision in the completely dark environment. The reaction of carbide with water produces a fair amount of heat independent of the flame. In cold cave environments, carbide lamp users can use this heat to help stave off hypothermia. When all of the carbide in a lamp has been reacted, the carbide chamber contains a wet paste of slaked lime (calcium hydroxide). This is emptied into a waste bag and the chamber can be refilled. The residue is basic and toxic to animals so should not be deposited in locations where animals may consume it. However, over time the hydroxide will react with atmospheric carbon dioxide to form calcium carbonate, which is non-toxic. Small carbide lamps called "Carbide Candles" are used for blackening rifle sights to reduce glare. These "candles" are used due to the sooty flame produced by acetylene. Early caving enthusiasts, not yet having the advantage of light-weight electrical illumination, introduced the carbide lamp to their hobby. While increasingly replaced by more modern choices, a substantial percentage of cavers still use this method. In cave surveys, carbide lamps are favored for the lead or "point" surveyor, who must identify suitable points in the cave to designate as survey stations. The sooty carbide flame may be used to harmlessly mark cave walls with a nontoxic and removable station label. Especially favored for this purpose are all-brass lamps or lamps made with no ferromagnetic metals, as these lamps do not deflect the needles of a magnetic compass, which is typically read while brightly illuminated from above using the caver's lamp. Apart from their use as cave surveying tools, many cavers favor carbide lamps for their durability and quality of illumination. They were once favored for their relative illumination per mass of fuel compared to battery powered devices, but this advantage was largely negated with the advent of high-intensity LED illumination. The acetylene producing reaction is exothermic, which means that the lamp's reactor vessel will become quite warm to the touch; this can be used to warm the hands. The heat from the flame can also be used to warm the body by allowing the exhaust gases to flow under a shirt pulled out from the body: such a configuration is referred to as a "Palmer furnace", after geologist Arthur Palmer. The first carbide lamp (mining lamp?) developed in the United States was patented in New York on August 28, 1900 by Frederick Baldwin. Domestic lighting was introduced in circa 1894 and bicycle lamps from 1896. Another early lamp design is shown in a patent from Duluth, Minnesota on October 21, 1902. In the late 1900s, Gustaf Daln invented the Daln light. This combined two of Daln's previous inventions: the substrate Agamassan and the Sun valve. On March 10, 1925 Andrew Prader of Spokane, Washington was granted a United States Patent, number 1,528,848 for certain new and useful improvements for Acetylene Lamps. Headlamps worn affixed to the head Caving equipment and culture (from Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand) Clemmer, Gregg. American Miners' Carbide Lamps: A Collectors Guide to American Carbide Mine Lighting. Westernlore Publications, 1987. Thorpe, Dave. "Carbide Light: The Last Flame in American Mines." Bergamot Books, 2006. Card, Peter W. (October 2004). Early Vehicle Lighting. Shire Publications. ISBN 9780747805854. acethylene.com A comprehensive guide to the care and maintenance of acetylene gas lamps A User's Guide to Carbide Cap Lamps. Has many good pictures & videos. Carbide lamp Demonstration experiment: Instruction and video The Carbide Caver A website on the history, restoration, and use of carbide lamps for caving. Regular Halogen Parabolic aluminized reflector (PAR) Nernst Fluorescent (Compact) Fluorescent induction Mercury-vapor Hydrargyrum medium-arc iodide (HMI) Hydrargyrum quartz iodide (HQI) Metal halide (Ceramic) Sodium vapor Deuterium arc Neon Sulfur Xenon arc/ Xenon flash Black light Tanning lamp Germicidal Growth light Carbon arc Yablochkov candle Acetylene/Carbide Argand Candle Diya Gas Kerosene Lantern Limelight Oil Safety Rushlight Tilley Torch Light-emitting diode (LED) LED lamp Solid-state (SSL) Plasma Electroluminescent wire Chemiluminescence Radioluminescence Glow stick Spotlight Categories: Lamps Caving equipment Gas technologiesHidden categories: All pages needing cleanup Wikipedia articles needing clarification from April 2009 The e-commerce company in China offers quality products such as Gynecological Bed , Rescue Stretcher Manufacturer, and more. For more , please visit Lumbar Support Brace today!
Related Articles -
Gynecological Bed, Rescue Stretcher Manufacturer,
| 
