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Characteristics of a Hologram by Vikas Gupta





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Characteristics of a Hologram by
Article Posted: 07/13/2011
Article Views: 79
Articles Written: 650
Word Count: 821
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Characteristics of a Hologram


 
Business
A Hologram Dubai is a type of photographic image having three-dimensional effect and appears to have depth. According to science, whenever an object is viewed, the human eyes each receive a distinct image. This image is received from slightly offset reference points and it is the human brain which combines the image into a three-dimensional one. The same effect is produced artificially by a hologram. These are given below: * Hologram Aberrations: One of the basic characteristics of holograms is that they suffer from aberrations which are caused by a change in the wavelength from construction to reconstruction. This is also caused by a difference in the reference and reconstruction beams. There are two types of aberrations-chromatic and non-chromatic-which are important even when there is a small difference between the reference and reconstruction geometry. One simple way to eliminate all the aberrations simultaneously is to copy exactly one construction beam in the reconstruction process. * Orthoscopic and Pseudoscopic Images: A hologram produces two images, one which is real and the other a virtual image which is an exact replica of the object. However, to the appearance of the observer, the two images differ in appearance. The virtual image has the same appearance of depth and the parallax and produced at the same position as the original object. It appears that the observer is viewing the original object through a window defined by the size of the hologram. This virtual image is known as orthoscopic image. The real image is also formed in front of the hologram at the same time and at the same distance from the hologram. This real image is called pseudoscopic image where the scene depth is inverted. * Off-axis Holography: It is possible to separate the twin images. This was demonstrated in a technique developed by two scientist Leith and Upatnieks in 1962. In this technique, during the recording process, a separate coherent reference wave falls on the hologram plate at an offset angle to the beam from the object. This technique is called an off-axis holography generating real and virtual images angularly separated from each other and also from the direct beam. * Some other characteristics : o It is possible to reconstruct the hologram of a diffuse object by a small portion of the hologram. In other words, if a hologram breaks into pieces, the entire image can be produced by each piece. However, as the size of the hologram reduces, a loss of image perspective, brightness and resolution result in the constructed image. o Another characteristic of hologram is that a contact print of a hologram will reconstruct a positive image which is not distinguishable from the image produced by the original. o A cylindrical hologram makes a 360 degree view of the object. o Without any cross-talk, more than one independent scenes can be stored in the same photographic plate and these can be viewed one at a time. Holograms are also important in various other areas of scientific research, medicine, commerce and industry. We below a list of current holographic applications in various fields: * Holograms are used in consumer packaging of products and advertisement to attract potential buyers. * Holograms are used on magazine/book cover. For example: One of the most memorable Sports Illustrated covers till date was the December 23, 1992 issue featuring Michael Jordan. * Holograms are also used on sports trading cards. * Hologram usage on credit cards, debit cards, I-cards, license etc. provide added security to minimize counterfeiting. * Holography is also used to make archival recordings of valuable and fragile museum artifacts. * Researchers and industry designers use holographic interferometry to test and design many things like tires, engines to prosthetic limbs and artificial bones and joints. * Holographic lens system to read bar codes is widely seen in supermarket and department store scanners. * Holographic optical elements (HOE's) are used while navigating by airplane pilots. In some military aircraft, pilots while looking through the windshield can read their instruments by using a holographic display projected in front of their eyes. This feature is available on some models of automobiles as well and this is depicted below. * Holographic technology is used in medical science in the form of MRI, CAT scan, X-ray, endoscopy, opthalmology etc. * A well known company like Sony Electronics uses holographic technology in their digital cameras. * Holograms have also been used by artists to create pulsed holographic portraits and other works of art and many more. Hologram is three-dimensional laser photography, containing depth and parallax, which mean the ability to see around the object. Holograms have certain unique characteristics. A hologram is produced using the technique of holography, which can also be used to optically store, process and retrieve information.

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