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There were important contributions made in the motion picture industry at the end of the 19th century. Edward Muybridge, a photographer and inventor, developed the photographic loco-motion studies of animals and humans. Muybridge studied the movements of a galloping horse at a race track in Sacramento, California. In 1878 he conducted an experiment called the chronophotography for his benefactor Leland Stanford. In this experiment, Muybridge used a series of camera to record a horse’s gallops. He discovered that all four of the horse’s feet were off the ground at the same time. Later on, Muybridge’s pictures were published in the late 1800s. They were cut into strips and used in a Praxinoscope, a device invented by Charles Emile Reynaud. This device was the first movie machine that projected a series of images onto a screen. The series of photographs inspired Muybridge to invent the Zoopraxiscope which was also called the wheel of life. This device was a primitive motion-picture projector machine that recreated the illusion of movement, including animation, by projecting images that were displayed rapidly onto a screen from photos printed on a rotating glass disc. Another inventor who also made a significant contribution was the Parisian innovator and physiologist Etienne-Jules Marey. Marey examined, experimented, and recorded bodies of animals, usually flying animals like pelicans, in motion through photography. Marey’s experiment helped pave the way to the development of film. Two years later, Marey created a camera that could take twelve photographs per second of moving objects. This was similar to Muybridge’s experiment, since it was referred to as chronophotography. Marey found a way to record multiple images of a subject’s movement on the same camera plate as opposed to the individual images Muybridge made. Looking at the pictures move is like how you watch movies for free. Ever since Marey’s contribution, Louis Aime Augustun Le Prince conducted an experiment in 1888. He used long rolls of paper covered with photographic emulsion for a camera that he devised and patented himself. With this invention, he was able to make his own motion picture film which you can watch movies for free. Muybridge, Marey, and Le Prince paved the way for motion picture cameras, projectors, and transparent celluloid film. Their ideas and visions led to the creation of films that you enjoy and watch movies for free.
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