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shoring refers to the process of setting up temporary supports to prevent collapse of existing structures so that new construction can proceed. In buildings it is used to support beams, floors and other structures while an existing wall or support column is removed. Normally, temporary vertical supports are used to replace the existing load bearing structures. During excavation of tunnels and trenches, this provides safety for workers and speeds the excavation process. In these cases it is designed to prevent the collapse of the structure until more permanent supports can be put in place. In buildings, the simplest technique (referred to as a raking shore) involves one or more timbers placed at an angle between the face of the structure to be supported and the ground. Often a plate is placed on the ground and/or against the building to provide additional support and to prevent any yielding of the ground or wall. In situations where the close proximity of other buildings or the need to provide continued access prevents the use of raking shores, a flying shore can be used. This technique relies on transmitting loads to adjacent structures which must be carefully inspected for their capacity to bear the additional load. Deed Shoring, commonly referred to simply as propping, and involves the support of existing walls, floors or roofing while works are carried out to form openings or remove walls at a lower level. This method involves the use of steel or timber uprights to support the loads form the existing structure, usually in combination with sole plates to distribute the stresses over larger areas. When construction involves soil slopes, excavations or retaining walls, shoring is achieved by inserting elements such as steel reinforcing bars. These are installed into a pre-drilled hole and then grouted into place with plates inserted to hold the soil in place.
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