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Mechanism that maintains stem cells readiness identified by ferujkll sdff
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Mechanism that maintains stem cells readiness identified |
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"Cancer cells grow rapidly in part because they fail todifferentiate into mature cells. Drugs that induce differentiationcan be used to treat cancers," said Dr. Chengcheng"Alec" Zhang, assistant professor in UT Southwestern'sdepartments of physiology and developmental biology. "Ourresearch identified a protein receptor on cancer cells thatinhibits differentiation, and knowing the identity of this proteinshould facilitate the development of new drugs to treatcancers." The family of proteins investigated in the study could help open anew field of biology integrating immunology with stem cell andcancer research, he added.
"The receptor we identified turned out to be a protein calleda classical immune inhibitory receptor, which is known to maintainstemness of normal adult stem cells and to be important in thedevelopment of leukemia," he said. Stemness refers to the blood stem cells' potential to develop intoa range of different kinds of cells as needed, for instance toreplenish red blood cells lost to bleeding or to produce more whiteblood cells to fight off infection. Once stem cells differentiateinto adult cells, they cannot go back to being stem cells. Currentthinking is that the body has a finite number of stem cells and itis best to avoid depleting them, Dr.
Zhang explained. Prior to this study, no high-affinity receptors had been identifiedfor the family of seven proteins called the human angiopoetic-likeproteins. These seven proteins are known to be involved ininflammation, supporting the activity of stem cells, breaking downfats in the blood, and growing new blood vessels to nourish tumors.Because the receptor to which these proteins bind had not beenidentified, the angiopoetic-like proteins were referred to as"orphans," he said. The researchers found that the human immune-inhibitory receptorLILRB2 and a corresponding receptor on the surface of mouse cellsbind to several of the angiopoetic-like proteins. Further studies,Dr.
Zhang said, showed that two of the seven family members bindparticularly well to the LILRB2 receptor and that binding exerts aninhibitory effect on the cell, similar to a car's brakes. In the case of stem cells, inhibition keeps them in their stemstate. They retain their potential to mature into all kinds ofblood cells as needed but they don't use up their energydifferentiating into mature cells. That inhibition helps stem cellsmaintain their potential to create new stem cells because inaddition to differentiation, self-renewal is the cells' other majoractivity, Dr. Zhang said.
He stressed that the inhibition doesn'tcause them to create new stem cells but does preserve theirpotential to do so. In future research, the scientists hope to find subtle differencesbetween stem cells and leukemia cells that will identify treatmentsto block the receptors' action only in leukemia. Other UT Southwestern researchers involved in the study from thedepartments of physiology and developmental biology includepostdoctoral researchers Dr. ChangHao Cui, Dr.
Xiaoli Chen, Dr.Chaozheng Zhang, Dr. HoangDinh Huynh, and Dr. Xunlei Kang; seniorresearch associates Robert Silvany and Jiyuan Li; and graduatestudent Xuan Wan. Researchers from the department of immunologyinclude former technician Alberto Puig Cantó and Dr.
E.Sally Ward, professor of immunology. Former UT Southwestern researchers include lead author and formerinstructor of physiology Dr. Junke Zheng, now at Shanghai Jiao TongUniversity School of Medicine in Shanghai, China; Dr. MasatoUmikawa, now at the University of Ryukyus in Okinawa, Japan; Dr.Shu-Hsia Chen, now at Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New YorkCity; Dr.
Huan-You Wang, now at the University of California, SanDiego; and Dr. Jingxiao Ye, now at the University of Texas atDallas. I am General Industrial Equipment writer, reports some information about printed cello bags , printed popcorn bags.
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