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A pressure vessel is a storage tank or vessel that has been construct and to operate at pressure level. The safe design, installation, operation, and maintenance of pressure vessels in accordance with the appropriate codes and standards are essential to worker safety and health. At the pressure of work it might be used for store the fluids. It may undergone a change of state inside the pressure vessel as in case of steam boilers or it may combine with other reagents as in a chemical plant during the fluid The pressure vessels are designed with great care because rupture of pressure vessels means an explosion which may cause loss of life and property. The material of pressure vessels may be brittle such that cast iron or ductile such as mild steel. It can carry both liquids and gases for the purposes of industry with cylindrical and pressure vessels.When the pressure vessel is exposed to this pressure, the material comprising the vessel is subjected to pressure loading, and hence stresses, from all directions. Normally its doesnt result from The normal stresses resulting from shape of pressure vessel. Its specially included but not compressed gas storage tanks like air , oxygen, nitrogen tanks. When a container is pressurized then pressure is outdated against the walls of the vessels. Pressure is always normal to the surface regardless of the shape. Pressure vessel is a container that has pressure different from the atmospheric pressure. Types of pressure vessels: 1. Cylindrical pressure vessels 2. Spherical pressure vessels. Types of analysis: 1. Simple mechanics approach and is applicable to “thin wall” 2. Elasticity solution and is always applicable regardless of the r/t ratio and can be referred to as the solution for “thick wall” Application of vessel proper terminate conditions: 1. the first circumferential joint for welded end connections 2. the face of the first flange in bolted flange connections 3. the first threaded joint in threaded connections. Scope of Pressure Vessels: Its basis on th specifications and designs 1. Vessels 2. Columns 3. Reactors 4. Spheres 5. Storage Tanks 6. Steel silos, Bins. Hoppers 7. Steel Flare Stacks Minimum Shell/Head Thickness of Pressure Vessels: 1. For carbon and low alloy steel vessels -6mm Wall thickness= Dia/1000+1.5+Corrosion Allowance 2. For stainless steel vessel and high alloy vessels -3 mm Wall thickness (mm) = Dia/1000 + 2.5 3. Tangent to Tangent height (H) to Diameter (D) ratio (H/D) greater than 5 shall be considered as column and designed accordingly 4. For carbon and low alloy steel columns / towers -8mm (including corrosion allowance not exceeding 3.0mm. 5. For stainless steel and high alloy columns / towers -5mm. Corrosion allowance, if any, shall be added to minimum thickness. Temperature Designs of Pressure Vessels: 1. Design Temparature for vessels operating at 0 C and over maximum operating temperature plus 15 0 C. 2. Design temperature for vessels operating below 0 C and equal to lowest operating temperature. 3. Minimum Design Metal Temperature shall be lower of minimum atmospheric temperature and minimum operating temperature. For more information about Pressure Vessels Manufacturers India
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