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Iuds, implants most effective birth control, study suggests by wwy yrj
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Iuds, implants most effective birth control, study suggests by WWY YRJ
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| Article Posted: 12/05/2012 |
| Article Views: 70 |
| Articles Written: 1412 - MORE ARTICLES FROM THIS AUTHOR |
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Iuds, implants most effective birth control, study suggests |
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Business,Business News,Business Opportunities
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Results of the study, by researchers at Washington UniversitySchool of Medicine in St. Louis, are reported May 24 in the New England Journal of Medicine . Birth control pills are the most commonly used reversiblecontraceptive in the United States, but their effectiveness hingeson women remembering to take a pill every day and having easyaccess to refills. In the study, birth-control pills and other short-termcontraceptive methods, such as the contraceptive patch or ring,were especially unreliable among younger women. For those under 21who used birth control pills, the patch or ring, the risk ofunplanned pregnancy was almost twice as high as the risk amongolder women.
This finding suggests that increased adolescent use oflonger acting contraceptive methods could prevent substantiallymore unplanned pregnancies. "This study is the best evidence we have that long-actingreversible methods are far superior to the birth control pill,patch and ring," says senior author Jeffrey Peipert, MD, theRobert J. Terry Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology. "IUDsand implants are more effective because women can forget about themafter clinicians put the devices in place." Unintended pregnancy is a major problem in the United States. About3 million pregnancies per year —50 percent of allpregnancies— are unplanned.
The rate of unintended pregnancyin the United States is much higher than in other developednations, and past studies have shown that about half of thesepregnancies result from contraceptive failure. IUDs are inserted into the uterus by a health-care provider. Thehormonal IUD is approved for 5 years, and the copper IUD can beused for as long as 10 years. Hormonal implants are inserted underthe skin of the upper arm and are effective for three years.
Manywomen, however, cannot afford the up-front costs of these methods,which can be more than $500. "We know that IUDs and implants have very low failure rates—less than 1 percent," says Brooke Winner, MD, afourth-year resident at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and thestudy"s lead author. "But although IUDs are veryeffective and have been proven safe in women and adolescents, theyonly are chosen by 5.5 percent of women in the United States whouse contraception." Earlier contraceptive studies asked women to recall the birthcontrol method they used and number of pregnancies. For this study,the investigators wanted to determine whether educating women aboutthe effectiveness of various birth- control options and having themchoose a method without considering cost would reduce the rate ofunintended pregnancy. Birth control was provided to women free ofcharge.
The study involved over 7,500 women enrolled in the ContraceptiveCHOICE project. Participants were ages 14-45 and at high risk ofunintended pregnancy. The women were sexually active or planned tobecome sexually active in the next six months. They either were notcurrently using contraception or wanted to switch birth controlmethods. The women also said they did not want to become pregnantfor the next 12 months.
Participants in this report could choose among the followingbirth-control methods: IUD, implant, birth control pills, patch,ring and contraceptive injection. The women were counseled aboutthe contraceptive methods, including their effectiveness, sideeffects, risks and benefits. Participants were permitted todiscontinue or switch methods as many times as desired during thestudy. Investigators interviewed participants by telephone at three andsix months and every six months thereafter for the remainder of thestudy.
During each interview, participants were asked about missedperiods and possible pregnancy. Any participant who thought theymight be pregnant was asked to come in for a urine pregnancy test.Those who were pregnant were asked if it was intended and whatcontraceptive method (if any) they were using at time ofconception. Over the course of the three-year study, 334 women became pregnant.Of these, 156 pregnancies were due to contraceptive failure.Overall, 133 (4.55 percent) of women using pills, the patch or ringhad contraceptive failure, compared with 21 (0.27 percent) of womenusing IUDs and implants. "This study also is important because it showed that whenIUDs and implants are provided at no cost, about 75 percent ofwomen chose these methods for birth control," Winner says.
Women who chose an IUD or implant were more likely to be older, tohave public health insurance and to have more children than womenwho chose other contraceptive methods. Women who chose pills, thepatch or ring were more likely to have private health insurance andto not have had children previously. Peipert says the results support a shift in how patients should becounseled, which could greatly affect unintended pregnancy rates."If there were a drug for cancer, heart disease or diabetesthat was 20 times more effective, we would recommend itfirst," he says. "Unintended pregnancies can havenegative effects on women"s health and education and thehealth of newborns.". I am Energy Projects writer, reports some information about titanium digital watch , bike chain bracelet.
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