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Sapphire - one of the first stones, marked by human attention. Sapphire is mentioned among the gems on the vestments and jewelery of the Jewish high priest. By its origin sapphire is a variety of corundum - as well as ruby. In hardness corundum is second after diamond, and holds a leading position among precious stones. According to the chemical composition, sapphire is identical to ordinary alumina. Its blue color is caused by an admixture of titanium, purple or violet by alternating thin layers of blue and red colors. Some stones have yellow-colored sections, which are caused by the presence of iron oxide. Top quality sapphires are perfectly clean and transparent, sometimes corundum crystals contain colloidal inclusions. Sometimes in sapphire crystals are observed bundles of lines intersecting at angles of 60 degrees. Such stones are called stellate, or Asterius, buy sapphire necklaces. The most beautiful is considered a "royal blue" sapphire, stone of pure blue color, which gives a particular impurity and velvety sheen. This caracteristics have a found in 1929 in Burma giant sapphire called "Jewel of the Jungle", weighing 958 carats. This giant was found almost on the surface of the earth. This stone was very large for faceting, and Sir Ramsay who bought it ordered to cut this sapphire in 9 small stones. Today little blue transparent sapphires are used in the production of jewelry. The best Sapphires stones are considered those from Thailand, Sri Lanka and India. In Russian "blue stones" were founded in Baikal region, in the Khibiny and Ural mountains. Diferent sapphires are associated with rocks of different origin, so stones colors are different. Sometimes sapphire color can accurately determine the location were it was mined. For example, crystals from Burma and Thailand often have bright cornflower color, which experts call "ringing". There were found also crystals of royal blue color. Close to royal blue color have Kashmir sapphires, while Australian stones have inky color with a distinctive greenish tint. Ural Sapphires - gray-blue. The same shade is typical for crystals of the United States. Kola sapphires have greenish tint, sapphire beads necklace. Twentieth century can be called the era of synthetic sapphire. One of the first was created a synthetic sapphire. Mineralogists regard grown by man stones, as a successful copy of those natural stones.
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