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Furosemide or frusemide is a loop diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure and edema. It is most commonly marketed by Sanofi under the brand name furosemide, and also under the brand name Frumex. It has also been used to prevent Thoroughbred and Standard bred race horses from bleeding through the nose during races. Along with some other diuretics, furosemide is also included on the World Anti-Doping Agency's banned drug list due to its alleged use as a masking agent for other drugs. Furosemide is primarily used for the treatment of hypertension and edema.It is the first-line agent in most people with edema caused by congestive heart failure.It is also used for hepatic cirrhosis, renal impairment, nephrotic syndrome, in adjunct therapy for cerebral/pulmonary edema where rapid diuresis is required (IV injection), and in the management of severe hypercalcemia in combination with adequate rehydration. Common side effects of furosemide include low blood pressure, dehydration and electrolyte depletion (for example, sodium, potassium). Less common side effects include jaundice, ringing in the ears (tinnitus), sensitivity to light (photophobia), rash, pancreatitis, nausea,diarrhea, abdominal pain, and dizziness. Increased blood sugar and uric acid levels also may occur. Furosemide is a potent diuretic which, if given in excessive amounts, can lead to a profound diuresis with water and electrolyte depletion. Therefore, careful medical supervision is required and dose and dose schedule must be adjusted to the individual patient's needs.
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