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EV Lithium Batteries coolant offers better buffering - EV Lithium Batteries - E-bike LiFePO4 Batter by airbru airbru
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EV Lithium Batteries coolant offers better buffering - EV Lithium Batteries - E-bike LiFePO4 Batter by AIRBRU AIRBRU
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| Article Posted: 10/31/2013 |
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EV Lithium Batteries coolant offers better buffering - EV Lithium Batteries - E-bike LiFePO4 Batter |
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By using solid paraffin droplets, the team at the FraunhoferInstitute created a phase change material (PCM) that should lastthe life of the battery without the need to be changed. The battery is the most expensive part of an electric vehicle,and so you do not want to be changing the battery so often. But tohave a long life, it has be cooled effectively, said project leadTobias Kappels of the Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental,Safety and Energy Technology UMSICHT in Oberhausen. Indeed, for a typical lithium-ion battery, the optimum rangelies between 20 C and 35 C which can be exceeded in summerheat even with modest driving.
Current EV batteries are generally air-cooled; however, air is apoor conductor of heat and also requires large spaces between thebattery s cells to allow sufficient circulation. Water-cooling systems are still in their infancy. Although theirthermal capacity exceeds that of air-cooling systems, the downsideis the limited supply of water in the system compared with theessentially limitless amount of air that can flow through abattery. Kappels s team began looking at alternatives based on a dispersionthat mixes water and paraffin along with stabilising tensides and adash of the anti-freeze agent glycol. The CryoSolplus formula acts as a PCM, such that when it absorbsheat, the solid paraffin droplets within it melt, storing the heatin the process; conversely when the solution cools, the dropletsrevert to their solid form.
The main work of the research so far was to get a stabledispersion that s very critical and it wasn t easy, becausewhen it s not at the right concentration, the paraffin tends toagglomerate and plug the pipes, said Kappels. If you have microencapsulated particles, it s possible to damagethe particles, then the paraffin gets out into the water. Butbecause we have surfactants, they always get back to the paraffinparticle, and it s refreshed, it s stable and there will be nowear. According to the team, the CryoSolplus absorbed up to three timesas much heat as water in test scenarios.
The upshot of this is thatless coolant is needed only 20 litres, compared with around 60litres required for water meaning that the holding tank for thecoolant can be much smaller, saving weight and space. Still, Kappels acknowledges that 20 litres of coolant would addaround 50 to 100 ( 39 to 78) on the price of thebattery. The next task will be to carry out field tests, trying outthe coolant in an experimental vehicle.
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