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People smile when they are frustrated, and the computer knows thedifference by efwegbe erergeer
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People smile when they are frustrated, and the computer knows thedifference |
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Business,Business News,Business Opportunities
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The research could pave the way for computers that better assessthe emotional states of their users and respond accordingly. Itcould also help train those who have difficulty interpretingexpressions, such as people with autism, to more accurately gaugethe expressions they see. "The goal is to help people with face-to-facecommunication," says Ehsan Hoque, a graduate student in theAffective Computing Group of MIT's Media Lab who is lead author ofa paper just published in the IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing . Hoque's co-authors are Rosalind Picard, a professor of media artsand sciences, and Media Lab graduate student Daniel McDuff.
In experiments conducted at the Media Lab, people were first askedto act out expressions of delight or frustration, as webcamsrecorded their expressions. Then, they were either asked to fillout an online form designed to cause frustration or invited towatch a video designed to elicit a delighted response -- also whilebeing recorded. When asked to feign frustration, Hoque says, 90 percent of subjectsdid not smile. But when presented with a task that caused genuinefrustration -- filling out a detailed online form, only to thenfind the information deleted after pressing the "submit"button -- 90 percent of them did smile, he says.
Still imagesshowed little difference between these frustrated smiles and thedelighted smiles elicited by a video of a cute baby, but videoanalysis showed that the progression of the two kinds of smiles wasquite different: Often, the happy smiles built up gradually, whilefrustrated smiles appeared quickly but faded fast. In such experiments, researchers usually rely on acted expressionsof emotion, Hoque says, which may provide misleading results."The acted data was much easier to classify accurately"than the real responses, he says. But when trying to interpretimages of real responses, people performed no better than chance,assessing these correctly only about 50 percent of the time. Understanding the subtleties that reveal underlying emotions is amajor goal of this research, Hoque says. "People with autismare taught that a smile means someone is happy," he says, butresearch shows that it's not that simple.
While people may not know exactly what cues they are responding to,timing does have a lot to do with how people interpret expressions,he says, For example, former British prime minister Gordon Brownwas widely seen as having a phony smile, largely because of theunnatural timing of his grin, Hoque says. Similarly, a campaigncommercial for former presidential candidate Herman Cain featured asmile that developed so slowly -- it took nine seconds to appear --that it was widely parodied, including a spoof by comedian StephenColbert. "Getting the timing right is very crucial if you wantto be perceived as sincere and genuine with your smiles,"Hoque says. Jeffrey Cohn, a professor of psychology at the University ofPittsburgh who was not involved in this research, says this work"breaks new ground with its focus on frustration, afundamental human experience.
While pain researchers haveidentified smiling in the context of expressions of pain, the MITgroup may be the first to implicate smiles in expressions ofnegative emotion." Cohn adds, "This is very exciting work in computationalbehavioral science that integrates psychology, computer vision,speech processing and machine learning to generate new knowledge… with clinical implications." He says this "is animportant reminder that not all smiles are positive. There has beena tendency to 'read' enjoyment whenever smiles are found. Forhuman-computer interaction, among other fields and applications, amore nuanced view is needed." In addition to providing training for people who have difficultywith expressions, the findings may be of interest to marketers,Hoque says. "Just because a customer is smiling, that doesn'tnecessarily mean they're satisfied," he says. And knowing thedifference could be important in gauging how best to respond to thecustomer, he says: "The underlying meaning behind the smile iscrucial." The analysis could also be useful in creating computers thatrespond in ways appropriate to the moods of their users.
One goalof the research of Affective Computing Group is to "make acomputer that's more intelligent and respectful," Hoque says. The work was supported by Media Lab consortium sponsors and byProcter & Gamble Co. I am a professional writer from Tobacco, which contains a great deal of information about shower door seals , inflatable pool pump, welcome to visit!
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