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The first known kingdom in Cambodia history is the Funan Kingdom. It was strongly influenced by Indian culture. The Indian culture influences the culture, political system, alphabetical system and architectural styles, just to mention a few. One of the greatest ruler in Cambodia's history is King Jayavarman II, who revered Hindu god Shiva. His 26 successors built many irrigations systems around Angkor. They have also built many temples around Angkor. Three capitals were founded in Cambodia history under the rule of Jayavarman. They are Indrapura, Harharalaya and Mahendraparvata. His successor, Suryavarman I conquered most of the present-day Thailand, Laos and the Malay peninsular. The Khmer became a great empire. Buddhism was introduced into Cambodia in the 12th century. The Cambodia kingdom began to see decline at this time. They were almost totally destroyed by Thai and Vietnam invaders. Cambodia sought France's protection in the 17th century and became part of French Indochina colonial. The Cambodians finally sought independence from France after World War II. Cambodia was dragged into the Vietnam War even though the abdicated king had declared neutrality initially. He however changed his stance and assisted the Vietnamese. The king was eventually overthrown by the Khmer Rouge guerrilla and in April 1975, Pol Pot came into power. It was reported that during Pol Pot's rule, some 2 million Cambodians had been massacred on the "killing fields" or forced to work to death. Vietnam attacked Cambodia in January 1979 and Pol Pot was ousted. The new government was formed by the Vietnamese. Vietnamese finally exited Cambodia with the end of the Cold War in 1989. Election was held for the first time in Cambodia's history in May 1993. Hun Sen was defeated but refused to accept the election results. Elections was held again in June 2004, and finally Ranaridh and Hun Sen agreed to form a coalition government in June 2004. Cambodia's history had greatly shaped its cultures. The modern Khmer strongly identify their ethnic identity influenced by the religious tenets of Theravada Buddhism and ancestor-spirit worship. Majority of Khmer live in rural villages either as rice-farmers or fishermen. Their live revolve around the wat and various Buddhist ceremonies throughout the year. Cambodia history is certainly a rich and interesting one, even though it could have been filled with many civil wars with millions of civilians being killed. Its rich culture influenced by the Hindus, Buddhism and the ethnic Khmer culture makes it one of the most visited countries in Southeast Asia for tourists. With the political situation becoming more stable and as Cambodia is opening its doors to the world, we are not surprised that it will soon becomes one of the most popular tourist attractions. Investors are also focusing on the Cambodia. This will certainly shape Cambodia history towards a different direction, hopefully a better one for a country that has seen so much sufferings.
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