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History It has been suggested that Hot Dog Skiing be merged into this article or section. (Discuss) Freestyle skiing began in the 1930s, when Norwegian skiers began performing acrobatics during alpine and cross-country training. Later, non-competitive professional skiing exhibitions in the United States featured performances of what would later be called freestyle. Aerial skiing was developed in about 1950 by Olympic gold medalist Stein Eriksen. 'Bold text''Bold text''Organized freestyle skiing started in the mogul fields, the bumpy natural terrain that allowed skiers to show off with tricks, jumps and incredible turning abilities - freestyle mogul skiers were "hot-doggers" in the day. In 1971 Heavenly Valley,dick California hosted a small mogul competition on the legendary Gunbarrel, one of the most challenging mogul runs in the country. As the sport quickly evolved, hot-shot mogul skiers like John Clendenin, Scott Brooksbank, Bill O'Leary and "Airborne" Eddie Ferguson gave rise to the sport and in 1975, Heavenly hosted the first U.S. Freestyle Championships which John Clendenin went on to win. That year, gave way to two competing freestyle organizations, Professional Freestyle Associates (PFA) run by Curtis Oberhansly and the International Freestyle Skiers Association (IFSA) run by Bernie Weichsel. Under PFA and IFSA, the world's best freestyle skiers competed for prize money in three disciplines - moguls, aerials and ballet in competitions in the United States, Canada and Europe. In 1976 Snowbird, Utah hosted the World Freestyle Championships, and ABC Wide World of Sports televised event. The event to date, attracted the most spectators in the sport's short history. It also represented a turning point, as young talent emerged from around the world, the likes of Ferguson, Clendenin and Wayne Wong, had given way to an new field of talent like "Little" Jack Taylor, Peter Johnson in Moguls, Eddie Lincoln and Frank Bare in Aerials and Scott Willingham and Mark Stigemeyer in Ballet. And women's freestyle was now a full fledged sport with pioneers like Gina Fuller, Karen Huntoon, Mariane and Ellen Post and Penny Street redefining the sport for women. The International Ski Federation (ISF) recognized freestyle as a sport in 1979 and brought in new regulations regarding certification of athletes and jump techniques in an effort to curb the dangerous elements of the competitions. The first World Cup series was staged in 1980 and the first World Championships took place in 1986 in Tignes, France. Freestyle skiing was a demonstration event at the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary. Mogul skiing was added as an official medal event at the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville, and the aerials event was added for the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer. Development of the new school Main article: Newschool skiing In the late 1990s a new style of freestyle skiing began to grow in popularity. This style of skiing was created out of frustration with the highly competitive nature of other freestyle disciplines. Many skiers began performing tricks in the terrain parks, which were at the time reserved for snowboarders. The sport was originally referred to as new school skiing, but today is more commonly called freestyleskiing. Freestyleskiing is much more open ended than Aerials or Moguls and is more accessible to the general public. The sport is also more appealing to younger generations and is similar in nature to snowboarding and skateboarding. Competitive freestyle Professional freestyle skiing is organized into a number of different disciplines. Aerial skiing Somersault jump in freestyle skiing Aerialists ski off 2-4 meter jumps, usually built of wood, sometimes metal and then covered with snow, that propel them up to 6 metres in the air (which can be up to 20 metres above the landing height). Once in the air, professional aerialists perform multiple somersaults and twists before landing on a 34 to 39-degree inclined landing hill about 30 metres in length. The top male aerialists can currently perform triple back somersaults with up to four or five twists. Quadruple back somersaults have been performed on snow (purposely) by eleven men: Frank Bare, Matt Chojnaki, Elijah Cox, Eric Bergoust and Nicholas Fontaine. Currently quad somersaults are not legal in competition. There are two varieties of aerial skiing competitions: upright and inverted. In upright aerials, movements in which a skier's feet come higher than his or her head are illegal. This is the most common type of aerials competition for junior competitors. In inverted aerials, skiers execute elaborate somersaults and twists. Aerial skiing is a judged sport, and competitors receive a score based on jump takeoff (25%), jump form (50%) and landing (25%). A degree of difficulty (DD) is then factored in for a total score. Mogul skiing Main article: Mogul skiing Mogul skiing is a type of freestyle skiing where skiers ski terrain characterized by a large number of different bumps, or moguls. In addition, skiers execute tricks throughout their run. Skiers must complete 2 jumps. Ski ballet No longer a part of competitive freestyle skiing, ski ballet (later renamed acroski) was a third freestyle discipline. Competitions were conducted from the late-1960s until the year 2000. Ballet involved a choreographed routine of flips, rolls, leg crossings, jumps, and spins performed on a smooth slope. After the mid-1970s the routine was performed to music for 90 seconds. A panel of judges scored the performance. It was a demonstration sport in the 1988 and 1992 Winter Olympics. Ski cross Main article: Ski cross Ski cross is a new Olympic event and is currently under the banner of Freestyle skiing even though it is a race without a judged component. New school freestyle Main article: Newschool skiing The first company to market twin tip skis was Salomon in 1997-1998. Freestyle began to gain more popularity and companies started making backcountry style twin tips for skiers to push the limits of freestyle and take it away from the snow parks. Salomon celebrated the 10th year anniversary of the 1080 during IF3 International Freestyle ski Film Festival in 2008. When freestyle skiing began in the late 1990s only a select few resorts were home to a terrain park. Over the past decade most mountains have adopted the idea of have a terrain park, if not two or more. Most parks include features such as: step-up jumps, step-down jumps, tabletop jumps, boxes, and rails. Terrain park crews have been taking concepts even further recently though adding miscellaneous features like cars, empty propane tanks, barrels, and even small cabins that can be ridden or used as a place to warm up to the landscape of the park. In the western US the park features tend to be larger than those in the east, in relation to the size of mountains. Burton, a popular snowboard company has constructed all natural terrain parks with rails made from planed out trees. Freeskiing has become more and more progressive in correspondence to the advancements in terrain parks. A huge growth in the popularity of freeskiing has also led to an increase of traditional freestyle disciplines, especially in moguls. Summer training Aerialists train for their jumping maneuvers during the summer months by skiing on specially constructed Water Ramps for Freestyle Skiing & Snowboarding and landing in a large swimming pool. A water ramp consists of a wooden ramp covered with a special plastic mat that when lubricated with sprinklers allows an athlete to ski down the ramp towards a jump. The skier then skis off the wooden jump and lands safely in a large swimming pool. A burst of air is sent up from the bottom of the pool just before landing to break up the surface area of the water, thus softening the impact of the landing. Skiers sometimes reinforce the skis that they use for water-ramping with 1/4 inch of fiberglass. Summer training also includes training on trampolines, diving boards, and other acrobatic or gymnastic training apparatuses. Equipment Such companies as 4FRNT, Liberty, Ninthward, Line, Armada skis, High Society, and Faction skis all specialize in twin-tip skis, although more "mainstream" companies such as ATOMIC, Salomon, Rossignol, Volkl, K2, Dynastar, and fischer also make many models of twin-tip skis. The main things skiers would need during their performances is skis, ski outfit, ski poles, boots and helment References ^ Barrymore, Dick (1997). Breaking Even. Pictorial Histories Publishing Company. ISBN 1-5751-0037-1. http://www.dickbarrymore.com/book4.asp. ^ "Who Hits Harder: The Nordic Skier or Aerial Jumper?". https://pumas.gsfc.nasa.gov/files/05_10_99_1.doc. External links 2006 U.S. Olympic Ski Team bios ... includes freestyle Midwest Ski Film Festival(MWSFF) - The Midwest's Largest Free skiing Film Festival K2 Performers - The original K2 ski company freestyle demonstration team Digital Freestyle Skiing Digital Media Thesis project for Masters, multiple Freestyle Skiing videos of competitions from 1980's-2000's - Moguls, Aerials, Ballet Mogul Skiing Tutorials & Videos a dick Categories: Freestyle skiing Types of skiing Olympic sports Individual sportsHidden categories: Wikipedia articles in need of updating Articles lacking in-text citations from December 2009 All articles lacking in-text citations Articles needing additional references from December 2009 All articles needing additional references Articles to be merged from February 2010 All articles to be merged We are high quality suppliers, our products such as China USB Pen Drives , China Digital MP4 Audio Player for oversee buyer. To know more, please visits Leather USB Flash Drive.
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