|
Chang ling Located in chang ling buried under heaven shou, Ming emperor yongle, the third temple chengzu of the Ming yongle, b, writings.finally, ling, emperor wen chang ling. Chang ling, built in the Ming tombs, the largest at the earliest.Its coverage than today's cemetery, a door into the big, should be long ling.The characteristics of chang ling is big, it has the longest Shinto, the biggest pavilion and tablet, the biggest enjoy temple and the largest treasure cities.These are all other twelve ling the past.Its scale and momentum seems to have MingXiaoLing above all. Chang ling's treasure city and dungeons, is seven to 11 years (the yongle 1413) fallen from 1409 -, (see "the emperor records of roll, roll dating eighty-seven) 63 years. The treasure city shall include walls and FangCheng, is among the FenShan bury zhu di. Chang ling's pavilion and Shinto born was built of stone lined drive a decade (varieties), (see "Ming British Pope records of volume four, volume ten) it's been nearly 555.The pavilion about 6.5 meters high tablet, positive RenZong engraved yongle eldest son, ZhuGaoChi written inscriptions, thirty thousands more words;Engraved on the back of clear qianlong emperor "" Ming tombs thirty chic" poetry, poetry XiaoZhu, is to understand the Ming tombs with the important material historical conditions.In addition, also has a small corner of the cemetery, tablet ShunZhiDi engraved clear about the XiuMing protective edict and qianlong xu chang Ming tombs verses and also an important historical data research tombs. Stone clicks their livelihoods are for, including 18 stone beast clicks! Jeonghoon minister, civil servants, there WuChen every two gentlemen of princes, awarded for made the exploits ShiXunChen and spyker, the princes ShiWenChen is that libel wearing covering ears big hat.A lion, XieZhi stone beast xiezhi), camels, (like, kirin, horse each pair.The stone, stone stone beast camel sculpture vigorous, the image is clear, is the ancient Chinese stone carving art performance. Chang ling the most outstanding architecture is ? grace temple."? grace" is ancestor worship is thus brought grace blessed meaning.? grace temple formerly known as "enjoy temple", "enjoy" also means to sacrifice ? grace, when jiajing of the temple.The Ming tombs are ? grace every baling house, all else destroyed, only ? chang ling deposit and largest favor house alone.Chang ling ? grace temple was established in two years (1427 years) drive (see "Ming xuang zong memoir" volume 26), it's been over 550 years.? grace temple, something between surface broadly nine longer than the palace taihe palace, the length is the hall of supreme harmony ancient architectural form, retains stracture characteristic of Ming dynasty, China is building one of the largest surviving timberwork building in Beijing, is biggest and complete preservation of Ming dynasty architecture.Arris grace, building the house grand spectacular most distinctive feature is the root nanmu with 60 root framework, which formed stake, four root among high 14.3 meters in diameter, 1.17 meters, of such a big pillars, is our country GuJianZhong nanmu with rare, even if the palace taihe palace also can't be compared with it.Today we see the hall of supreme harmony is the qing dynasty, its big reconstruction is mainly pine, and column in spelling and into.Production in our country main nanmu with clouds, expensive, sichuan province mountains.The Ming dynasty, near the water has been cutting out big wood.Down to the qing dynasty, rulers, they had to turn a building boom northeast heilongjiang valley to gather pine, visible gather wood hard.Relevant shenmu two said, is demonstrated.According to the essence of the 153 "volume SongLi biography of a record: sichuan yibin mountain root wood, large thinning that one day like gods as got to the Yangtze river, Beijing in the direction of movement.This kind of legend reflects the hard at gather wood, also reflects rulers wanted to enslave artisans, do not hesitate to make up "shenmu" lies.Taking changling process, not dead, how much that craftsmen have wireless to zhu di read his birthday to heaven emperor records [see "the ritual" volume 85 percent).At that time the number used today changling slender craftsman has been difficult to statistics, smaller offer with army changling (see 230 thousand Cardiff, craftsmen of the Ming xuang zong records of volume 2, volume four), JingLing before twelve baling minimum, also used in ten million (see "Ming British Pope records of roll a), the largest chang ling associated with human, material also cans be imagined.On the other hand, chang ling this group of Ming prophase buildings, also reflects the rich and powerful country at that time. In the early 15th century during Ming yongle emperor, when two important event: internally is foreign is moved Beijing, zheng he's voyage.These two things generated far-reaching significance for yongle I unexpectedly.Zhu di determined to move to Beijing from nanjing capital, not because Beijing is the liao, jin, yuan, and the capital since the "dragon" xing zhu di, but for the land To prevent the attack on the north, Mongolian ruler to further control north and strengthen the management of northeast China, so military and political significance are major.But Beijing, but moved in the yongle objectively strengthened unified multinational country, further consolidate and develop the people of all ethnic groups must adapt the flesh-and-blood ties between the history and an integral trend, and the reconstruction of the chang ling, is moved and construction in the yongle an integral part of Beijing, visible significance is very big.Zheng he's voyage, was another thing to the world-famous great things.Zheng he is our country history of the great explorers, navigator.He was 30 years, seven times the success and the Ming dynasty sail ocean the prosperous and yongle, ZhuZhanJi support inseparable.About the purpose of zheng he's voyage, is more pie zheng he overseas, rather than looking for has emperor national prestige "and" proclaim to overseas "take treasure" more credible.Want to future unearthed from chang ling a codex yongle dadian, this unlikely, but from chang ling and found in JingLing chang zheng, offering from overseas back to jewelry, perfume is very possible. For taking tours of Beijing and China, please visit beijing city tours for details. dingling Ding tombs for the Ming tombs mausoleum, another medium scale after chang ling ling and permanent, but its engineering precision, actulaay tombs coronal.Ding tombs Ming emperor buried thirteenth ZhuLiYi jun, nianhao wanli, Ming god temple writings.finally Pope, show the emperor, ling, ding tombs.ZhuYi jun 10 years for the emperor, style-came twenty-two namely fix with six years time, ding tombs, 58 years old, he had been dead for ruled China reach in 1959, is the Ming dynasty emperor one of the longest in time.Seven years after his death, national war had erupted late Ming farmers. Ding tombs built in Ming dynasty, when the Ming dynasty mid already the overhaul period into the tree.thus period.Ding tombs excavated from the ground, now with underground architecture and buried corse content can see its unearthed the characteristic that reflects the history of Ming rectification period appearance and the rulers of the Ming dynasty is sufficient and to decline. All in stone into underground dingling, with an area of 1195 square meters.Stone predominantly blue.Before, during and after the doors of the house of three house is carved from with white marble.As early as the han dynasty, bricks GongQuan type already quite common, but the mausoleum of the GongQuan QiShi completely with stone building tomb, but rare example underground ding tombs.Ding tombs in dungeons very strong, although it's been almost four hundred years, but no one place collapse, this is because the underground drainage system makes subtle around there was no swelling in the mausoleum phenomenon ACTS. Fix ding tombs are used bluestone and white marble from southwest stone nest fang shan magmatic county.Since the dingling start to build up in the eighteenth year of wanli twelve years, lasted for six years.During the construction period, every site tensions over 30,000, while artisans camp stone nest also focused on the thousands of craftsman quarrying (see the records of 164 god Pope 159), roll the coil.Because hundreds of years of mining stone nest has been opened, the big gap, so that was always in quarrying in water, very difficult stirrup.Shipping stone also easy, according to the Ming dynasty, was written for construction the Forbidden City, a Bi made with thirty cubits Dan five feet thick the stone from rocks, with 20,000 nest to Beijing for migrants have whole drag 28 days (HeChengRui "two GongDingJian remember" volume, see "the LeiBian xuehai").From rocks nest to the Ming tombs, journey farther, shipment will more hard stone. In 1956, when the excavation ding tombs excavated buried corse content of.According to some experts say, these things have two pieces of buried corse treasure most rich value, one is in the nave of the system of jiajing years, a big porcelain crock yunlong blue-and-white before the ZhuYi jun is placing with blue.Unearthed in the curiosa of wanli emperor and FengGuan with queen dear.Crown is to use very fine gold-rimmed weaves and become, weaving process called "prepare gold", it is comparable with cloisonne of Ming dynasty handicraft.After the two winged thread into wings and thin as ChanYi, so gold crown say again "ChanYi champions" or "wing good champion".FengGuan several top, when after already scattered, unearthed painstakingly renovated old actor, please now is the kind of whole old exhibited such as something new.We have seen FengGuan making very elegant, more than 100 pieces have gem more than 5,000, pearl, was his richly bejewelled star.Besides unearthed and a great number of fine gold, silver, jade, and various jewelry, mostly excellent handicraft. Buried alive that another kind is expensive silk, including the strategic and filial piety of wanli BaiZi garment, queen of the jing is interwoven with gold, i.e., extremely delicate as rare treasures.And more than 160 horse, just when brocade material, colour is very bright unearthed, but after a few days just turned yellow.So when the technology also cultural relics doesn't pass, the cultural relics unearthed, or try to prudent for good. We can from dingling buildings and buried alive items ragtag?The ancient working people to our wisdom and creativity extremely, also can see the luxury of feudal ruler of the people's tyrannical plunder with.If the chang ling build reflects the strong, and then from Ming dynasty, especially in the dingling excavated from dingling can shield out buried corse Ming dynasty that their-and the feudal landlord class are hasten son decline.Wanli rule, because of the social productive forces and mid development of commodity economy, the emergence of capitalist germination, social class contradictions is complicated sharp,. The ruling class expressed more greedy.Since twenty four years later, ruler of wanli, JianShui sent large quantities of ore to town business launched with a sieve before the plunder.According to statistics, years of 1000020404 liang, taken between 560 gold silver 17907 liang nione, other gemstone pearl, amber, mink and cat 's-eye etc overseas treasures numbered meter.(see "in journal of Peking University, 84 years WangTianYou the phase ii, during the period of employment from wanli days DongLinDang discussion of public struggle see article).A large presence here were funeral objects for emperors of the dingling, gold and silver jewelry is related to this.More than 800 FeiYin donated 20,000ounces built dingling MingXi Pope [see "the record of the number, volume 26) if not exaggerate, many of which were apparently corruption (.The ruling class decadent finally roused the people to revolt.Only seven years after the death of wanli, he broke out the national scale peasant uprising. The ancient emperors, total want to choose "feng shui" good place JianLing.But chengzu of the Ming JianLing changping days, but only because shou "feng shui" here, more or in politics, military taken into account.Someone says, the juyongguan to Beijing for Mongolian plateau of the throat, the days in northern Beijing is for shou important barrier.The juyongguan, days with a Beijing save every birthday with a rig wu, died, two crucial position extremely.So somebody thinks: the Ming dynasty in military defeat to keep suited to Beijing, it too scattered royal lost defense priorities, because tianjin shall keep, in order to protect once, Marine;Tongzhou shall keep, this is one of Beijing's most important grain land, tuen munZhu state shall keep, this is Beijing south.Done portal;Xishan shall keep, this is Beijing coal base;The juyongguan shall keep, and this is the north of Beijing's throat to;Days, this is keep shou northern barrier, and the Beijing ZuLing place;The door should keep to capital nine, the royal palace, and shall keep, thus everywhere, easy for close soldiers suited to the perpetrator, it was cracked the downfall of the DiLing (see beams tew, volume 2). In fact, of the Ming dynasty perish from military says, the key is not close units or wide radius, the juyongguan, Ming tombs and Beijing is not a wu went dead.Orthodox fourteen years after the change "" civil ZiJingGuan, from the burn is long, and offer two, though the arrival changling, Beijing, Beijing not grams;Twenty-nine years "of jiajing such-and-such xu-gou AnDa change, since ancient times, advanced on the north entrance, and make the Ming tombs both capital city, but Beijing did not break;Chongzhen years, since the ryugyong has a mouth, zhuang ash cen mouth, cone, burned into stone mouth changling, tapping Beijing's, Beijing also have not broken;But li 1644 from willow ditch (the juyongguan east, this belongs to) into the tecsun yanqing county, the juyongguan mouth, old tombs Ming ShouJiang surrender, peasant army troops by changping, finally breached the shahe. City of Beijing.The author thinks that Ming dynasty, the military after the orthodox total in the main reason is not suited to a passive defense, but self-rejection.North of the Ming dynasty the first line of defense in Mongolia, the second word set in datong, XuanFu first, these two line of defence will be hypodynamic, ambitious the juyongguan and difficult to defense.Yongle emperor set in northern border with error, he shouldn't give up big ning (now chifeng), drive also shouldn't give up kaiping (now duolun area), and thus, north the first line of defense fully recede, so unlike the qing dynasty, the Great Wall, the play by play in Mongolia plateau.The Ming dynasty mostly in the north of the battle XuanFu, the juyongguan worksheets, that Beijing dozen, strategic very passive.As GuYanWu says, the Ming tombs, the juyongguan and Beijing "not not risk, not is not high, the pawn city not much, food the disadvantages: national no but people to also" (see "changping record"). Although landscape in military affairs, since the Ming dynasty, many times since Beijing appeared previously sheceremoniously, but the danger of Beijing still saved, and once, as people will lose collapse, the juyongguan, Ming tombs and Beijing, just a few days to ask can be li conquer all farmers insurgents. For taking tours of Beijing and China, please visit beijing tour package for details.
Related Articles -
beijing tour, beijing travel,
|
