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Hematoma is the medical term referring to a bruise. Hematoma occurs when a blood vessel, such as a vein or capillary, is cut or damaged and thus bleeds under the skin. The vessel forms a clot and eventually heals, but the blood that leaks turns the skin yellow, blue or green. There are many types of hematoma: • Subdermal hematoma (under the skin) • Head/brain: o Subgaleal hematoma – between the galea aponeurosis and periosteum o Cephalohematoma – between the periosteum and skull. Commonly caused by vacuum delivery and vertex delivery. o Epidural hematoma – between the skull and dura mater o Subdural hematoma – between the dura mater and arachnoid mater o Subarachnoid hematoma – between the arachnoid mater and pia mater (the subarachnoid space) o Othematoma – between the skin and the layers of cartilage of the ear • Perichondral hematoma (ear) • Perianal hematoma (anus) • Subungual hematoma (nail) Subdural hematoma is one of the various types of hematomas. It occurs due to the result of a serious head injury. In subdural hematoma tiny veins between the surface of the brain and its outer covering (the dura) stretch and tear, allowing blood to collect. In the elderly, the veins are often already stretched because of brain atrophy (shrinkage) and are more easily injured. The person who uses anticoagulant medication (blood thinners, including aspirin), had long-term abuse of alcohol, recurrent falls, repeated head injury or are very young or very old age are likely to get hematoma more. Symptoms of hematoma apart from black and blue bruise on skin are: • Confused speech • Difficulty with balance or walking • Headache • Lethargy or confusion • Loss of consciousness • Nausea and vomiting • Numbness • Seizures • Slurred speech • Visual disturbances • Weakness Symptoms in infants are: • Bulging fontanelles (the "soft spots" of the baby's skull) • Feeding difficulties • Focal seizures • Generalized tonic-clonic seizure • High-pitched cry • Increased head circumference • Increased sleepiness or lethargy • Irritability • Persistent vomiting • Separated sutures (the areas where growing skull bones join) If you see any of the above given symptoms then you must contact hematoma specialist doctor for proper treatment. Hernia occurs when part of an internal organ pushes out through an opening in its surrounding tissue. Sometimes it can occur internally and commonly occurs when there is a weakness in various parts of the abdominal wall. Hernia can also be seen in children, infants and elderly people. Hernias occur with heavy lifting, straining while using the toilet, or any activity that raises the pressure inside the abdomen. Hernias may be present at birth, but the bulge may not be noticeable until later in life. Some patients may have a family history of hernias. There are many other causes which can be the reason behind hernia like: • Chronic constipation, straining to have bowel movements • Chronic cough • Cystic fibrosis • Enlarged prostate, straining to urinate • Extra weight • Fluid in the abdomen (ascites) • Heavy lifting • Peritoneal dialysis • Poor nutrition • Smoking • Overexertion • Undescended testicles Although there are no symptoms of hernia can be seen however a discomforting pain remains especially while lifting heavy objects. If this discomfort increases then you must contact a hernia specialist doctor, because in this situation you may need urgent surgery. This article has been written and posted by a health advisor working at bookmydoctor.com, who also provides free of cost consultancy to patients and advise to search and find, Hematoma Doctor in Delhi, By visiting the site, patients can look for Hematoma specialist in Delhi and Hernia Doctor in Delhi to get their proper treatment.
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