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Copper Sacramento fittings are most commonly used in a supply system to direct hot and cold water to fixtures. Larger fittings and pipe can be used for small-diameter drainpipe. There are dozens of fittings available that will allow one to connect pipe into almost any configuration. Fittings are sized for a specific-diameter pipe. For example, one will find W and 3AH fittings in almost every hardware store. Some of the more commonly used fittings are shown in the drawing at right. From left to right and top to bottom, they are: a coupling with internal stop, a 45° elbow, a 90° elbow, a 90° street elbow, a 45° street elbow, a T fitting, an end cap, and a male adapter. Types of Fittings "Street": fittings have one male end and one female end. This allows the plumber to connect fittings together without having to join them with short sections of pipe (or nipples). Ninety-degree elbows allow piping to turn a sharp corner; 45° elbows work well for more gradual turns. A T fitting is used for lines that intersect, or if plumber or customer or homeowner need to tap off a line and direct water to another fixture. A coupling with stop allows plumber to join pieces of pipe together and is used a lot in repair work for splicing together repaired section of pipe. This type of fitting has an internal stop that prevents plumber from pushing the pipe too far into the fitting. Male adapters and female adapters are used when you need to connect a threaded fitting on the end of the pipe, such as a shutoff valve for a toilet or sink faucet. Tube or end caps are used to seal off a pipeline—whether for testing, for emergency repair work, or for a remodeling job. Just like copper Sacramento fittings, CPVC fittings can be used for hot and cold supply systems. And just like copper, plumber can find dozens of fittings that will allow him or her to navigate pipe around almost anything. The fittings shown in the drawing at left are some of the most commonly used from left to right and top to bottom, they are: a female adapter, an end cap, a male adapter, a coupling, a 90° male adapter, a 45° L, a T fitting, and a 90° street L. Because they're designed to handle a greater volume of water and waste than other fittings, drain, waste, and vent fittings are larger and beefier in construction. DWV fittings can be purchased in either white PVC (polyvinyl chloride) or black ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene), with PVC being the more common. The Author is a professional writer, presently writing for industrial Hoses Sacramento
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